Faces and Necklines
Contrast and repetition work well in choosing the neckline that suites you.
Repetition exaggerates and contrast softens the effect.
If you have a round face, do not use a round neckline it will only emphasize the roundness.
Choose a V neck dress and or a front opening will be best for you.
Likewise, if your face is oval a V neckline will only emphasize it and make it appear more so.
Choose a round neckline will look the best for you…
Long necks can be emphasized by having a V neckline, if you must have a V neckline try and camouflage it with a small scarf tied round your neck to tone in with what you are wearing or choker beads this will break up the length.
Short necks will look their best in a V neckline or a scooped U shape neckline that will give you the allusion of a longer neck.
Never wear a high neck it will only emphasize your neck even more. If you really must wear a high neck you can take away from it by wearing a string of long beads or chain that will direct the attention from the neckline.
Friday, March 13, 2009
Dress to Impress
Check your wardrobe before buying or sewing your garment.
When making or choosing garments check your wardrobe and sew or buy a top or dress, that will go with three or four accessories that are already in your wardrobe.
Sew or buy dress or tops and in the new colors of the season. This will bring you up to date.
Color draws the eye. Tops frame the face, Use color in the tops for maximum impact.
Check your, skin tone, and hair color. Check if your skin is very dark compared to your hair, this will be important in determining whether you will look best in bright or muted colors…
If you have fair skin and black hair, you are considered high contrast, and would look your best in high contrast clear colors. i.e.; black and white, navy blue and powder blue. To name a few…
If your skin is fair and you have medium brown hair, you are considered low contrast,
muted colors would be best for you…
How well a style works for you depends on your body type. You will want a style that complements your figure in size, shape, and length.
A slim, well proportioned figure can wear almost anything or style, and look great.
How well a style works for you depends on your body type. You will want a style that complements your figure in size, shape, and length.
Look for more tips next month.
What figure type are you?
Hourglass Pear Rectangular Wedge Overall
Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure.
FREE advice on your figure type; How to improve your looks…
Email me for more information; robertsona111@yahoo.com.
When making or choosing garments check your wardrobe and sew or buy a top or dress, that will go with three or four accessories that are already in your wardrobe.
Sew or buy dress or tops and in the new colors of the season. This will bring you up to date.
Color draws the eye. Tops frame the face, Use color in the tops for maximum impact.
Check your, skin tone, and hair color. Check if your skin is very dark compared to your hair, this will be important in determining whether you will look best in bright or muted colors…
If you have fair skin and black hair, you are considered high contrast, and would look your best in high contrast clear colors. i.e.; black and white, navy blue and powder blue. To name a few…
If your skin is fair and you have medium brown hair, you are considered low contrast,
muted colors would be best for you…
How well a style works for you depends on your body type. You will want a style that complements your figure in size, shape, and length.
A slim, well proportioned figure can wear almost anything or style, and look great.
How well a style works for you depends on your body type. You will want a style that complements your figure in size, shape, and length.
Look for more tips next month.
What figure type are you?
Hourglass Pear Rectangular Wedge Overall
Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure.
FREE advice on your figure type; How to improve your looks…
Email me for more information; robertsona111@yahoo.com.
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
HOW TO DRY FRESH CUT FLOWERS
HOW TO DRY FRESH CUT FLOWERSYou can enjoy the freshness of a flower garden throughout theyear by cutting and drying your favorite flowers. The twoeasiest and least expensive methods are sand-drying andair-drying.Sand-drying can be used to dry a wide variety of flowers, suchas roses, tulips, dahlias, marigolds and snapdragons. Flowerswhich last only one day, like day lilies, do not dry well. Donot dry asters, azaleas, chrysanthemums, geraniums, petunias,phlox, pinks, poppies or violets. But feel free to do your ownexperimentation.To prepare for sand-drying, cut the flowers at the peak of theirshow as any imperfections will be exaggerated by drying. Pickthe flowers after the dew has fully evaporated. Make sure thestems are dry.Prepare the flowers by reinforcing the stems and blossoms withflorist's wire or with white glue. For daisy-type flowers andflowering shrubs, push a 6" piece of wire through the stem andright through the flower head; bend the end of the wire into ahook over the flower head and then pull it down, thus securingthe head to the stem.For flowers such as roses and tulips which are dried face-up,cut off most of the stem except an inch or so and insert thewire as above.For many-petaled flowers, use glue instead of wire. Dilutingthe white glue with a drip of water and using a toothpick, dab athin coat of glue at the base of each petal, working the glueinto the base of each flower to attach each petal to the base. Dry completely.To dry the flowers, slowly cover them with white sand in deep,open boxes. Cup-shaped or rose-shaped flowers should be driedface-up. Make the sand deep enough to hold the flowers in anupright position, position the flower carefully and slowly pourthe sand around the base of the flower, then around the sidesand under and over the petals. Pour the sand evenly and slowlyin order to preserve the natural shape of the blossom.Daisy-type flowers should be dried face down. Make an even baseof sand in the box and make a little dip in the sand the sameshape as the flower. Hold the flower steady and carefully buildup the sand around the blossom until it is fully covered.Snapdragons, lilac, elongated flowers and flowering branchesshould be positioned horizontally in the sand, floweringbranches face up. Carefully pour the sand around and betweenthe flowers and into individual blooms. A soft artists' brushwill help you in lifting the blossoms slightly as you pour thesand so that they won't be flattened by its weight.When all the flowers are completely covered with sand put thedrying box in your drying area and leave undisturbed for one tothree weeks. Rapid drying in a very warm, dry and brightly-litplace will produce bright blossoms; slower drying in a morehumid spot will produce more muted colors.Removing the sand should be done very carefully, tipping thecontainer slightly, allowing the sand to flow slowly from onecorner of the box. As each flower is released from the sand,lift it gently out.If you wish to store your dried flowers for later use, seal themin airtight containers such as tins or plastic boxes sealed withmasking tape, or in sealed cardboard boxes enclosed in airtightplastic bags.Air-drying can be very successful with herbs, everlastings andornamental grasses. Choose perfect plants with long stems,removing the lower leaves. Put the flowers in small bunches,fastening them together with an elastic band; then open eachbunch into a fan shape. Hang the flowers head down from nailsin a dry, dark place for one to three weeks until they arecompletely dry. The colors will usually be muted. Display yourflowers in the house or store them as above.You may want to experiment with waxing fresh flowers. This toois simple; just melt some paraffin wax and plunge eachindividual flower into the wax. Remove and shake the excess waxoff each flower. Put it into the refrigerator to set and harden.Having dried, preserved flowers in your home year-round canreally brighten it up. You may want to give dried flowerarrangements as Christmas gifts. It is a wonderful, satisfyinghobby to preserve your own flowers. You can also make lovelycards by pressing your flowers and covering them with clearmac-tac on a piece of construction paper. It's easy to do andlooks lovely.
Healthy Lawn Healthy Environment
Caring for Your Lawn in an Environmentally Friendly WayHealthy Lawn, Healthy EnvironmentCaring for Your Lawn in an EnvironmentaIly Friendly WayPicture a healthy green lawn: perfect for lounging, greatfor ball games and cookouts, a real asset to your home. But didyou know that your lawn--and how you take care of it--can alsohelp the environment? * Healthy grass provides feeding groundfor birds, who find it a rich source of insects, worms, andother food. Thick grass prevents soil erosion, filterscontaminants from rainwater, and absorbs many types of airbornepollutants, like dust and soot. Grass is also highly efficientat converting carbon dioxide to oxygen, a process that helpsclean the air. * Caring for your lawn properly can both enhanceits appearance and contribute to its environmental benefits.You don't have to be an expert to grow a healthy lawn. Justkeep in mind that the secret is to work with nature. This meanscreating conditions for grass to thrive and resist damage fromweeds, disease, and insect pests. It means setting realisticgoals for your lawn, whether you or a professional lawn careservice will be doing the work. And if you choose to usepesticides, it means using them with care so as to get the mostbenefit and reduce any risks. * Caring for your lawn in anenvironmentally sensible way can have a bigger impact than youmight think. Your lawn is only a small piece of land, but allthe lawns across the country cover a lot of ground. That meansyou and your lawn care activities, along with everyone else's,can make a difference to the environment. And that's why takingcare of the environment begins in our own backyards.Working With Nature: A Preventive Health Care Program For YourLawnTo start, think about lawn care as a preventive healthcare program, like one you would use to keep up your ownhealth. The idea is to prevent problems from occurring so youdon't have to treat them. As they say, an ounce of preventionis worth a pound of cure. A healthy lawn can out-compete mostweeds, survive most insect attacks, and fend off mostdiseases--before these problems ever get the upper hand.Your lawn care program should be tailored to localconditions--the amount of rainfall you get, for example, andthe type of soil you have. The sources listed at the back ofthis brochure can help you design a lawn care program thatsuits both local conditions and your own particular needs. Butno matter where you live, you can use the program outlined inthis brochure as a general guide to growing a healthy lawn.A preventive health care program for your lawn should havethe following steps:1. Develop healthy soil2. Choose a grass type that thrives in your climate3. Mow high, often, and with sharp blades4. Water deeply but not too often5. Correct thatch build-up 6. Set realistic goals1. Develop Healthy SoilGood soil is the foundation of a healthy lawn. To growwell, your lawn needs soil with good texture, some keynutrients, and the right pH, or acidity/alkalinity balance.Start by checking the texture of your soil to see whetherit's heavy with clay, light and sandy, or somewhere in between.Lawns grow best in soil with intermediate or "loamy" soils thathave a mix of clay, silt, and sand. Whatever soil type youhave, you can probably improve it by periodically addingorganic matter like compost, manure, or grass clippings.Organic matter helps to lighten a predominantly clay soil andit helps sandy soil retain water and nutrients.Also check to see if your soil is packed down from lots ofuse or heavy clay content. This makes it harder for air andwater to penetrate, and for grass roots to grow. To loosencompacted soil, some lawns may need to be aerated several timesa year. This process involves pulling out plugs of soil tocreate air spaces, so water and nutrients can again penetrateto the grass roots.Most lawns need to be fertilized every year, because theyneed more nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium than soilsusually contain. These three elements are the primaryingredients found in most lawn fertilizers. It's important notto over-fertilize--you could do more harm to your lawn thangood--and it's best to use a slow-release fertilizer that feedsthe lawn slowly. It's also important to check the soil's pH.Grass is best able to absorb nutrients in a slightly acidicsoil, with a pH of 6.5 to 7.0. Soil that is too acidic can be"sweetened" with lime; soil that's not acid enough can be mademore sour by adding sulfur.Have your soil tested periodically to see whether it needsmore organic matter or the pH needs adjusting. Your countyextension agent (listed in your phone book under countygovernment) or local nursery should be able to tell you how todo this. These experts can also help you choose the rightfertilizer, compost, and other "soil amendments," and they canadvise you about aerating if your soil is compacted. If aprofessional service takes care of your lawn, make sure ittakes these same steps to develop good soil. There's no gettingaround it: your lawn's health is only as good as the soil itgrows in.2. Choose A Grass Type That Thrives In Your ClimateThe right type of grass--one that suits your needs andlikes the local weather--will always give better results.Grasses vary in the type of climate they prefer, the amount ofwater and nutrients they need, their resistance to pests, theirtolerance for shade, and the degree of wear they can withstand.If you are putting in a new lawn, it will be worth yourwhile to do some research to identify the best grass type foryour needs. If you're working with an established lawn that fails tothrive despite proper care, you might consider replanting witha different type of grass.Why struggle to grow grass that's susceptible to fungaldisease if you live in a humid climate? Or a water-lovingspecies if you live in an area with water shortages? Grass thatis well-adapted to your area will grow better and resist localpests and diseases better.New grass varieties and mixtures come out on the marketevery year.Ask your county extension agent or another one of thesources listed in this brochure for recommendations.3. Mow High, Often and With Sharp BladesMowing high--that is, keeping your lawn a bit long--willproduce stronger, healthier grass with fewer pest problems.Longer grass has more leaf surface to take in sunlight.This enables it to grow thicker and develop a deeper rootsystem, which in turn helps the grass survive drought, tolerateinsect damage, and fend off diseases. Longer grass also shadesthe soil surface keeping it cooler, helping it retain moisture,and making it difficult for weeds to germinate and grow.A lawn's ideal length will vary with the type of grass,but many turf grass species are healthiest when kept between2-1/2 and 3-1/2 inches. The ruler at the back of this brochurewill help the best mowing height for your grass variety. Youmay have to readjust your mower--most are set too low.It's also important to mow with sharp blades to preventtearing and injuring the grass. And it's best to mow often,because grass adjusts better to frequent than infrequentmowing. The rule of thumb is to mow often enough that you nevercut more than one-third of the height of the grass blades. Savesome time and help your lawn and the environment by leavingshort clippings on the grass--where they recyclenitrogen--rather than sending them in bags to the landfill.You don't have to grow a foot-high meadow to get goodresults. Just adding an inch will give most lawns a real boost.4. Water Deeply But Not Too OftenWatering properly will help your lawn grow deep roots thatmake it stronger and less vulnerable to drought. Most lawns arewatered too often but with too little water. It's best to wateronly when the lawn really needs it, and then to water slowlyand deeply. This trains the grass roots down. Frequent shallowwatering trains the roots to stay near the surface, making thelawn less able to find moisture during dry periods.Every lawn's watering needs are unique: they depend onlocal rainfall, the grass and soil type, and the general healthof the lawn. But even in very dry areas, no established homelawn should require daily watering.Try to water your lawn in a way that imitates a slow,soaking rain, by using trickle irrigation, soaker hoses, orother water-conserving methods. It's also best to water in theearly morning, especially during hot summer months, to reduceevaporation. Apply about an inch of water--enough that it soaks6-8 inches into the soil. Then let the lawn dry out thoroughlybefore watering it again.The best rule is to water only when the lawn begins towilt from dryness--when the color dulls and footprints staycompressed for more than a few seconds.5. Correct Thatch Build-UpAll grass forms a layer of dead plant material, known asthatch, between the grass blades and the soil. When thatch getstoo thick--deeper than one-half inch--it prevents water andnutrients from penetrating to the soil and grass roots. Somegrasses tend to form a thick layer of thatch. Overuse offertilizer can also create a heavy layer of thatch.You can reduce thatch by raking the lawn or using amachine that slices through the thatch layer to break it up.Sprinkling a thin layer of topsoil or compost over the lawnwill also help.In a healthy lawn, microorganisms and earthworms help keepthe thatch layer in balance by decomposing it and releasing thenutrients into the soil.6. Set Realistic GoalsSetting realistic goals will allow you to conduct anenvironmentally sensible lawn care program. It's probably notnecessary to aim for putting-green perfection. Did you knowthat a lawn with 15 percent weeds can look practicallyweed-free to the average observer? Even a healthy lawn islikely to have some weeds or insect pests. But it will alsohave beneficial insects and other organisms that help keeppests under control.Also realize that grass just can't grow well in certainspots. Why fight a losing battle with your lawn, when you haveother options? At the base of a tree, for example, you mighthave better luck with wood chips or shade-loving ornamentalplants like ivy, periwinkle, or pachysandra. If your climate isvery dry, consider converting some of your lawn to dry-gardenlandscaping. It could save time, money, and water resources.What Is IPM?Integrated Pest Management is essentially common-sensepest control. IPM is not a new concept; some forms of it havebeen practiced for centuries.IPM involves the carefully managed use of three differentpest control tactics--biological, cultural, and chemical--toget the best long-term results with the least disruption of theenvironment. Biological control means using natural enemies ofthe pest, like lady bugs to control aphids. Cultural orhorticultural control involves the use of gardening methods,like mowing high to shade out weeds. Chemical control involvesthe judicious use of pesticides.IPM is a highly effective approach that minimizes the useof pesticides and maximizes the use of natural processes. Lawncare professionals who use IPM should have a sophisticatedunderstanding of the ecosystem of your turf and the availablepest control tactics. Home gardeners can also practice IPM byfollowing the steps outlined in this brochure.Tips For Using PesticidesSometimes, even with good lawn care practices, weatherconditions or other factors can cause pest problems to develop.Pesticides can help control many lawn pests. But pesticideshave risks as well as benefits, and it's important to use themproperly.The chemicals we call pesticides include insecticides,herbicides, and fungicides. These products are designed to killor control pest insects, weeds, and fungal diseases. Pesticidescan be very effective. But don't be tempted to rely solely onpesticides as a quick-fix solution to any lawn problem.Serious, ongoing pest problems are often a sign that your lawnis not getting everything it needs. In other words, the pestsmay be a symptom of an underlying problem. You need to correctthe underlying problem to reduce the chance that the pest willreappear.All pesticides are toxic to some degree. This means theycan pose some risk to you, to your children and pets, and toany wildlife that venture onto your lawn--especially if thesechemicals are overused or carelessly applied. Pesticides canalso kill earthworms and other beneficial organisms, disruptingthe ecological balance of your lawn.Store pesticides out of children's reach in a lockedcabinet or garden shed.When Spraying, Protect your skin, your eyes, your lungsWash this clothing separately before using it again.Before Using Any Pesticide, Be Sure To Review These Basic Rules1. Take safety precautions. Never assume a pesticide isharmless.* Read the entire label and follow its instructions. Useonly the amount directed, at the time and under theconditions specified, and for the purpose listed.* Be sure to wear any protective clothing--like gloves, longsleeves, and long pants--indicated on the label. Wash thisclothing separately before using it again. * Keep children and pets away from pesticides, and make sureno one goes on a treated lawn for at least the timeprescribed by the pesticide label.* Remember to follow any state or local requirements forposting your treated lawn or notifying your neighbors thata pesticide has been applied.* Store and dispose of pesticides properly, according to thelabel directions and any state and local regulations.2. Use pesticides to minimize pests, not eradicate them. Thelatter is often impossible and unnecessary.3. Be sure you have accurately identified the pest so you canchoose the best pesticide for the job and use it mosteffectively. Obtain professional advice from your countyextension agent or a local expert.4. Spot treat whenever possible. In most cases, it isn'tnecessary to treat the whole lawn with pesticides if theproblem is confined to certain areas. Spraying more thannecessary is wasteful and can be environmentally damaging.If you have questions about a pesticide, call EPA'stollfree National Pesticide Telecommunications Network(1-800-858-7378). For general information on minimizingpesticide risks, call or write EPA for a free copy of theCitizen's Guide to Pesticides. The number to call is703-305-5017; the address is: EPA, Office of PesticidePrograms, Field Operations Division, H7506C, 401M Street, S.W.,Washington, D.C. 20460.Choosing A Lawn Care ServiceMany people choose to hire a professional company to helpmaintain their lawn. Lawn care companies offer a range ofservices, from fertilizing and pest control to aerating,mowing, and renovation.Lawn care companies should follow the same healthy lawnprogram outlined in this brochure. They should also follow thesame precautions for minimizing pesticide risks.How can you be sure that a service will do these things?Start by asking questions like these:Q. Is the company licensed?A. Nearly all states require lawn care companies to belicensed. The qualifications for obtaining a license varyfrom state to state, but having a license is oneindication that the company is reputable and operatinglegally.Q. Does the company have a good track record?A. Ask neighbors and friends who have dealt with the companyif they were satisfied with the service they received.Call the Better Business Bureau or the state or localconsumer protection office listed in your phone book; havethey received any complaints about the company? Determinefrom the state pesticide regulatory agency if the companyhas a history of violations.Q. Is the company affiliated with a professional lawn careassociation?A. Affiliation with a professional association helps membersto stay informed of new developments in the lawn carefield.Q. Does the company offer a variety of pest managementapproaches? Does it apply pesticides on a set schedule oronly when they are really needed? Does it use integratedpest management, or "IPM"--an approach that often reducespesticide use by combining it with other, non-chemicalmethods of pest control?A. More and more lawn companies are offering integrated pestmanagement (IPM) in response to public concern aboutpesticides. Be aware that IPM is a general term and thatcompanies may use it to describe a wide range ofactivities. Find out exactly what a company means if itsays it uses IPM.Q. Is the company willing to help you understand your lawn'sproblems and the solutions?A. Lawn services generally apply fertilizers and pesticides.But you may be the one who mows and waters--and poorwatering and mowing practices can lead to disappointingresults. The company should tell you how it plans to takecare of your lawn, and advise you about the work you needto do to keep your lawn in good shape.Q. Will the company tell you what pesticides it applies toyour lawn and why, and what health and environmental risksmay be presented by their use?A. You have a right to this information. If asked, thecompany should readily supply it. All pesticides soldlegally in the United States are registered by EPA, butsuch registration is not a guarantee of safety. Ask to seea copy of pesticide labels to make sure they bear an EPAregistration number, and to review the directions thatshould be followed. If the company can't answer yourquestions about the chemicals it uses, call NPTN(1-800-858-7378) for more information.For More InformationAffiliated with the Land Grant university in each state isa system of County Cooperative Extension Offices. Usuallylisted in the telephone directory under county or stategovernment, these offices often have a range of resources onlawn care and landscape maintenance, including plant selection,pest control, and soil testing.State agriculture and/or environmental agencies maypublish information on pests and pest management strategies.The state pesticide regulatory agency can provide informationon pesticide regulations, and may also have information oncompanies with a history of complaints or violations. NPTN (seebelow) can identify the agency responsible for pesticideregulation in each state.The National Pesticide Telecommunications Network is atollfree, 24-hour information service that can be reached bycalling 1-800-858-7378 or by FAX at 806-743-3094. The operatorscan provide a wide range of information about the healtheffects of pesticides, and provide assistance in dealing withpesticide-related emergencies.Libraries, bookstores, and garden centers usually have awide selection of books that discuss lawn care and otheraspects of landscape management. Garden centers may also havetelephone hotlines or experts available on the premises toanswer your gardening questions.The Environmental Protection Agency can provideinformation on integrated pest management strategies for lawncare. Write EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs, FieldOperations Division (H7506C), 401 M St., S.W., Washington, D.C.20460.Some suppliers of lawn care products can provide helpfultips, answer questions, and help identify problems. Look forinformation/hotline numbers on product packaging.The Bio-Integral Resource Center (BIRC), a non-profitorganization formed in 1978 through an EPA grant, hasinformation on least-toxic methods for lawn care. BIRC'saddress is: P.O. Box 7414, Berkeley, CA 94707.
Healthy Lawn Healthy Environment
Caring for Your Lawn in an Environmentally Friendly WayHealthy Lawn, Healthy EnvironmentCaring for Your Lawn in an EnvironmentaIly Friendly WayPicture a healthy green lawn: perfect for lounging, greatfor ball games and cookouts, a real asset to your home. But didyou know that your lawn--and how you take care of it--can alsohelp the environment? * Healthy grass provides feeding groundfor birds, who find it a rich source of insects, worms, andother food. Thick grass prevents soil erosion, filterscontaminants from rainwater, and absorbs many types of airbornepollutants, like dust and soot. Grass is also highly efficientat converting carbon dioxide to oxygen, a process that helpsclean the air. * Caring for your lawn properly can both enhanceits appearance and contribute to its environmental benefits.You don't have to be an expert to grow a healthy lawn. Justkeep in mind that the secret is to work with nature. This meanscreating conditions for grass to thrive and resist damage fromweeds, disease, and insect pests. It means setting realisticgoals for your lawn, whether you or a professional lawn careservice will be doing the work. And if you choose to usepesticides, it means using them with care so as to get the mostbenefit and reduce any risks. * Caring for your lawn in anenvironmentally sensible way can have a bigger impact than youmight think. Your lawn is only a small piece of land, but allthe lawns across the country cover a lot of ground. That meansyou and your lawn care activities, along with everyone else's,can make a difference to the environment. And that's why takingcare of the environment begins in our own backyards.Working With Nature: A Preventive Health Care Program For YourLawnTo start, think about lawn care as a preventive healthcare program, like one you would use to keep up your ownhealth. The idea is to prevent problems from occurring so youdon't have to treat them. As they say, an ounce of preventionis worth a pound of cure. A healthy lawn can out-compete mostweeds, survive most insect attacks, and fend off mostdiseases--before these problems ever get the upper hand.Your lawn care program should be tailored to localconditions--the amount of rainfall you get, for example, andthe type of soil you have. The sources listed at the back ofthis brochure can help you design a lawn care program thatsuits both local conditions and your own particular needs. Butno matter where you live, you can use the program outlined inthis brochure as a general guide to growing a healthy lawn.A preventive health care program for your lawn should havethe following steps:1. Develop healthy soil2. Choose a grass type that thrives in your climate3. Mow high, often, and with sharp blades4. Water deeply but not too often5. Correct thatch build-up 6. Set realistic goals1. Develop Healthy SoilGood soil is the foundation of a healthy lawn. To growwell, your lawn needs soil with good texture, some keynutrients, and the right pH, or acidity/alkalinity balance.Start by checking the texture of your soil to see whetherit's heavy with clay, light and sandy, or somewhere in between.Lawns grow best in soil with intermediate or "loamy" soils thathave a mix of clay, silt, and sand. Whatever soil type youhave, you can probably improve it by periodically addingorganic matter like compost, manure, or grass clippings.Organic matter helps to lighten a predominantly clay soil andit helps sandy soil retain water and nutrients.Also check to see if your soil is packed down from lots ofuse or heavy clay content. This makes it harder for air andwater to penetrate, and for grass roots to grow. To loosencompacted soil, some lawns may need to be aerated several timesa year. This process involves pulling out plugs of soil tocreate air spaces, so water and nutrients can again penetrateto the grass roots.Most lawns need to be fertilized every year, because theyneed more nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium than soilsusually contain. These three elements are the primaryingredients found in most lawn fertilizers. It's important notto over-fertilize--you could do more harm to your lawn thangood--and it's best to use a slow-release fertilizer that feedsthe lawn slowly. It's also important to check the soil's pH.Grass is best able to absorb nutrients in a slightly acidicsoil, with a pH of 6.5 to 7.0. Soil that is too acidic can be"sweetened" with lime; soil that's not acid enough can be mademore sour by adding sulfur.Have your soil tested periodically to see whether it needsmore organic matter or the pH needs adjusting. Your countyextension agent (listed in your phone book under countygovernment) or local nursery should be able to tell you how todo this. These experts can also help you choose the rightfertilizer, compost, and other "soil amendments," and they canadvise you about aerating if your soil is compacted. If aprofessional service takes care of your lawn, make sure ittakes these same steps to develop good soil. There's no gettingaround it: your lawn's health is only as good as the soil itgrows in.2. Choose A Grass Type That Thrives In Your ClimateThe right type of grass--one that suits your needs andlikes the local weather--will always give better results.Grasses vary in the type of climate they prefer, the amount ofwater and nutrients they need, their resistance to pests, theirtolerance for shade, and the degree of wear they can withstand.If you are putting in a new lawn, it will be worth yourwhile to do some research to identify the best grass type foryour needs. If you're working with an established lawn that fails tothrive despite proper care, you might consider replanting witha different type of grass.Why struggle to grow grass that's susceptible to fungaldisease if you live in a humid climate? Or a water-lovingspecies if you live in an area with water shortages? Grass thatis well-adapted to your area will grow better and resist localpests and diseases better.New grass varieties and mixtures come out on the marketevery year.Ask your county extension agent or another one of thesources listed in this brochure for recommendations.3. Mow High, Often and With Sharp BladesMowing high--that is, keeping your lawn a bit long--willproduce stronger, healthier grass with fewer pest problems.Longer grass has more leaf surface to take in sunlight.This enables it to grow thicker and develop a deeper rootsystem, which in turn helps the grass survive drought, tolerateinsect damage, and fend off diseases. Longer grass also shadesthe soil surface keeping it cooler, helping it retain moisture,and making it difficult for weeds to germinate and grow.A lawn's ideal length will vary with the type of grass,but many turf grass species are healthiest when kept between2-1/2 and 3-1/2 inches. The ruler at the back of this brochurewill help the best mowing height for your grass variety. Youmay have to readjust your mower--most are set too low.It's also important to mow with sharp blades to preventtearing and injuring the grass. And it's best to mow often,because grass adjusts better to frequent than infrequentmowing. The rule of thumb is to mow often enough that you nevercut more than one-third of the height of the grass blades. Savesome time and help your lawn and the environment by leavingshort clippings on the grass--where they recyclenitrogen--rather than sending them in bags to the landfill.You don't have to grow a foot-high meadow to get goodresults. Just adding an inch will give most lawns a real boost.4. Water Deeply But Not Too OftenWatering properly will help your lawn grow deep roots thatmake it stronger and less vulnerable to drought. Most lawns arewatered too often but with too little water. It's best to wateronly when the lawn really needs it, and then to water slowlyand deeply. This trains the grass roots down. Frequent shallowwatering trains the roots to stay near the surface, making thelawn less able to find moisture during dry periods.Every lawn's watering needs are unique: they depend onlocal rainfall, the grass and soil type, and the general healthof the lawn. But even in very dry areas, no established homelawn should require daily watering.Try to water your lawn in a way that imitates a slow,soaking rain, by using trickle irrigation, soaker hoses, orother water-conserving methods. It's also best to water in theearly morning, especially during hot summer months, to reduceevaporation. Apply about an inch of water--enough that it soaks6-8 inches into the soil. Then let the lawn dry out thoroughlybefore watering it again.The best rule is to water only when the lawn begins towilt from dryness--when the color dulls and footprints staycompressed for more than a few seconds.5. Correct Thatch Build-UpAll grass forms a layer of dead plant material, known asthatch, between the grass blades and the soil. When thatch getstoo thick--deeper than one-half inch--it prevents water andnutrients from penetrating to the soil and grass roots. Somegrasses tend to form a thick layer of thatch. Overuse offertilizer can also create a heavy layer of thatch.You can reduce thatch by raking the lawn or using amachine that slices through the thatch layer to break it up.Sprinkling a thin layer of topsoil or compost over the lawnwill also help.In a healthy lawn, microorganisms and earthworms help keepthe thatch layer in balance by decomposing it and releasing thenutrients into the soil.6. Set Realistic GoalsSetting realistic goals will allow you to conduct anenvironmentally sensible lawn care program. It's probably notnecessary to aim for putting-green perfection. Did you knowthat a lawn with 15 percent weeds can look practicallyweed-free to the average observer? Even a healthy lawn islikely to have some weeds or insect pests. But it will alsohave beneficial insects and other organisms that help keeppests under control.Also realize that grass just can't grow well in certainspots. Why fight a losing battle with your lawn, when you haveother options? At the base of a tree, for example, you mighthave better luck with wood chips or shade-loving ornamentalplants like ivy, periwinkle, or pachysandra. If your climate isvery dry, consider converting some of your lawn to dry-gardenlandscaping. It could save time, money, and water resources.What Is IPM?Integrated Pest Management is essentially common-sensepest control. IPM is not a new concept; some forms of it havebeen practiced for centuries.IPM involves the carefully managed use of three differentpest control tactics--biological, cultural, and chemical--toget the best long-term results with the least disruption of theenvironment. Biological control means using natural enemies ofthe pest, like lady bugs to control aphids. Cultural orhorticultural control involves the use of gardening methods,like mowing high to shade out weeds. Chemical control involvesthe judicious use of pesticides.IPM is a highly effective approach that minimizes the useof pesticides and maximizes the use of natural processes. Lawncare professionals who use IPM should have a sophisticatedunderstanding of the ecosystem of your turf and the availablepest control tactics. Home gardeners can also practice IPM byfollowing the steps outlined in this brochure.Tips For Using PesticidesSometimes, even with good lawn care practices, weatherconditions or other factors can cause pest problems to develop.Pesticides can help control many lawn pests. But pesticideshave risks as well as benefits, and it's important to use themproperly.The chemicals we call pesticides include insecticides,herbicides, and fungicides. These products are designed to killor control pest insects, weeds, and fungal diseases. Pesticidescan be very effective. But don't be tempted to rely solely onpesticides as a quick-fix solution to any lawn problem.Serious, ongoing pest problems are often a sign that your lawnis not getting everything it needs. In other words, the pestsmay be a symptom of an underlying problem. You need to correctthe underlying problem to reduce the chance that the pest willreappear.All pesticides are toxic to some degree. This means theycan pose some risk to you, to your children and pets, and toany wildlife that venture onto your lawn--especially if thesechemicals are overused or carelessly applied. Pesticides canalso kill earthworms and other beneficial organisms, disruptingthe ecological balance of your lawn.Store pesticides out of children's reach in a lockedcabinet or garden shed.When Spraying, Protect your skin, your eyes, your lungsWash this clothing separately before using it again.Before Using Any Pesticide, Be Sure To Review These Basic Rules1. Take safety precautions. Never assume a pesticide isharmless.* Read the entire label and follow its instructions. Useonly the amount directed, at the time and under theconditions specified, and for the purpose listed.* Be sure to wear any protective clothing--like gloves, longsleeves, and long pants--indicated on the label. Wash thisclothing separately before using it again. * Keep children and pets away from pesticides, and make sureno one goes on a treated lawn for at least the timeprescribed by the pesticide label.* Remember to follow any state or local requirements forposting your treated lawn or notifying your neighbors thata pesticide has been applied.* Store and dispose of pesticides properly, according to thelabel directions and any state and local regulations.2. Use pesticides to minimize pests, not eradicate them. Thelatter is often impossible and unnecessary.3. Be sure you have accurately identified the pest so you canchoose the best pesticide for the job and use it mosteffectively. Obtain professional advice from your countyextension agent or a local expert.4. Spot treat whenever possible. In most cases, it isn'tnecessary to treat the whole lawn with pesticides if theproblem is confined to certain areas. Spraying more thannecessary is wasteful and can be environmentally damaging.If you have questions about a pesticide, call EPA'stollfree National Pesticide Telecommunications Network(1-800-858-7378). For general information on minimizingpesticide risks, call or write EPA for a free copy of theCitizen's Guide to Pesticides. The number to call is703-305-5017; the address is: EPA, Office of PesticidePrograms, Field Operations Division, H7506C, 401M Street, S.W.,Washington, D.C. 20460.Choosing A Lawn Care ServiceMany people choose to hire a professional company to helpmaintain their lawn. Lawn care companies offer a range ofservices, from fertilizing and pest control to aerating,mowing, and renovation.Lawn care companies should follow the same healthy lawnprogram outlined in this brochure. They should also follow thesame precautions for minimizing pesticide risks.How can you be sure that a service will do these things?Start by asking questions like these:Q. Is the company licensed?A. Nearly all states require lawn care companies to belicensed. The qualifications for obtaining a license varyfrom state to state, but having a license is oneindication that the company is reputable and operatinglegally.Q. Does the company have a good track record?A. Ask neighbors and friends who have dealt with the companyif they were satisfied with the service they received.Call the Better Business Bureau or the state or localconsumer protection office listed in your phone book; havethey received any complaints about the company? Determinefrom the state pesticide regulatory agency if the companyhas a history of violations.Q. Is the company affiliated with a professional lawn careassociation?A. Affiliation with a professional association helps membersto stay informed of new developments in the lawn carefield.Q. Does the company offer a variety of pest managementapproaches? Does it apply pesticides on a set schedule oronly when they are really needed? Does it use integratedpest management, or "IPM"--an approach that often reducespesticide use by combining it with other, non-chemicalmethods of pest control?A. More and more lawn companies are offering integrated pestmanagement (IPM) in response to public concern aboutpesticides. Be aware that IPM is a general term and thatcompanies may use it to describe a wide range ofactivities. Find out exactly what a company means if itsays it uses IPM.Q. Is the company willing to help you understand your lawn'sproblems and the solutions?A. Lawn services generally apply fertilizers and pesticides.But you may be the one who mows and waters--and poorwatering and mowing practices can lead to disappointingresults. The company should tell you how it plans to takecare of your lawn, and advise you about the work you needto do to keep your lawn in good shape.Q. Will the company tell you what pesticides it applies toyour lawn and why, and what health and environmental risksmay be presented by their use?A. You have a right to this information. If asked, thecompany should readily supply it. All pesticides soldlegally in the United States are registered by EPA, butsuch registration is not a guarantee of safety. Ask to seea copy of pesticide labels to make sure they bear an EPAregistration number, and to review the directions thatshould be followed. If the company can't answer yourquestions about the chemicals it uses, call NPTN(1-800-858-7378) for more information.For More InformationAffiliated with the Land Grant university in each state isa system of County Cooperative Extension Offices. Usuallylisted in the telephone directory under county or stategovernment, these offices often have a range of resources onlawn care and landscape maintenance, including plant selection,pest control, and soil testing.State agriculture and/or environmental agencies maypublish information on pests and pest management strategies.The state pesticide regulatory agency can provide informationon pesticide regulations, and may also have information oncompanies with a history of complaints or violations. NPTN (seebelow) can identify the agency responsible for pesticideregulation in each state.The National Pesticide Telecommunications Network is atollfree, 24-hour information service that can be reached bycalling 1-800-858-7378 or by FAX at 806-743-3094. The operatorscan provide a wide range of information about the healtheffects of pesticides, and provide assistance in dealing withpesticide-related emergencies.Libraries, bookstores, and garden centers usually have awide selection of books that discuss lawn care and otheraspects of landscape management. Garden centers may also havetelephone hotlines or experts available on the premises toanswer your gardening questions.The Environmental Protection Agency can provideinformation on integrated pest management strategies for lawncare. Write EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs, FieldOperations Division (H7506C), 401 M St., S.W., Washington, D.C.20460.Some suppliers of lawn care products can provide helpfultips, answer questions, and help identify problems. Look forinformation/hotline numbers on product packaging.The Bio-Integral Resource Center (BIRC), a non-profitorganization formed in 1978 through an EPA grant, hasinformation on least-toxic methods for lawn care. BIRC'saddress is: P.O. Box 7414, Berkeley, CA 94707.
Potpourri recipes.
Flower Language
A carefully selected bouquet of flowers can express our deepest feelings. Often flowers speak of love or sorrow I do not know of a more beautiful language.
Symbolic meanings have been attributed to flowers in the East and West since Roman days. The most perfect example in the Madonna lily is a symbol of purity and chastity to this day. Likewise the long stemmed Red rose represents love.
In the seventeenth century many ladies carried posies of sweet smelling flowers and herbs to ward of unpleasant smells. The posies had meanings, too, when you gave a posy to a friend or loved one it might be nice to add a small note letting them know the meaning of the posy.
In Elizabethan and the Victorian times many meanings were attributed to almost every flower in the garden. Many Books were written on this subject, each claiming to have the most flower entries and meanings.
Unfortunately the flower books disagreed on some of the meanings.
Obviously it made it hard to decipher the message of the bouquets!!
At the end of the nineteenth century, the fashion for using flowers as a language had died out; today few people know the meanings attached to many flowers. I believe it is time to reverse the trend and look again at the language of flowers. We would bring a little romance and excitement into our lives.
Names and meanings:
Alyssum; Worth beyond Angelica; Soaring thoughts
Beauty Aster; I partake your sentiments
Amaryllis; Splendid Bachelors buttons; Celibacy
Beauty Bears breeches; The fine arts
Apple; Temptation Bluebell; Constancy
Azalea; Temperance Yellow carnation; Disdain
Bay; Glory Cyclamen; Difference
Belladonna lily; Pride Columbine; Folly
Silence Clematis; Mental beauty
Borage; Courage Crocus; Youthful gladness
Red camellia; Unpretending, Convolvulus; Folly
Excellence Dahlia; Pomp
White camellia; Perfect Fennel; Flattery
Loveliness Fig; Idleness
Red carnation; Alas for Fuchsia; Taste
the poor heart Heather; Solitude
Striped carnation; Refusal Honesty; Honesty
Pink cherry tree; Good Hop; Injustice
Education Hyssop; Sacrifice
Christmas rose; Scandal Iris; Message
Red chrysanthemum; Jasmine; Amiability
I love you Larkspur; Infidelity
White chrysanthemum; Truth Lilac; First emotions of love
Yellow chrysanthemum; Lilac; First emotions of love
Slighted love Yellow lily; Falsehood
Daffodil; Regard Magnolia; Grief
Daisy; Innocence Mimosa; Secret love
Forget-me-not; True love Mock orange; Counterfeit
Foxglove; Insincerity Pansy; Thoughts
Lemon scented geranium; Phlox; Unanimity
Unexpected meeting Clove pinks; Resignation
Gillyflower; Bonds of Rhododendron; Dander
Affection Polyanthus; Pride of riches
Hollyhock; Ambition Scarlet poppy; Fantastic
Honeysuckle; Generous Primrose; Early youth
Affection White rose; I am
Hyacinth; Game sport worthy of you
Ice plant; your looks Yellow rose; Jealousy
Freeze me Red rose; love
Ivy; Fidelity Rosemary; Remembrance
Jonquil; I desire a return Raspberry; Remorse
of affection Rue; Grief
Lad’s love; Jest Red poppy; Consolation
Lavender; Distrust White poppy; Sleep
Regal lily Majesty; what Scabrous; Unfortunate
could be more regal? Red pinks; Pure love
White lily; Purity Striped pinks; Refusal
Lily-of –the-valley; Return Snapdragon; Presumption
of happiness Sunflower; Haughtiness
Love-in-a-mist; Perplexity Sweet pea; Departure
Michaelmas daisy; Thyme; Activity
Afterthought Red tulip; Declaration
Mint; Wisdom of love
Mulberry; I shall not Yellow tulip; Hopeless love
Survive you Myrtle; Love Tulip; Fame
Nasturtium; Patriotism Ware lily; Purity of heart
Parsley; Rejoice Yarrow; War
Pineapple; You are perfect Yarrow; War
Snapdragon; Presumption Tulip; Fame
Stock; lasting beauty Tuberose; Dangerous pleasures
Stock; lasting beauty Violet; Modesty
Sweet William; Gallantry Weeping willow; Mourning
Potpourri
Fragrant plant material such as rose petals, iris, geranium, ginger, lavender, mimosa flowers, to name a few.
The ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans all used plants in fragrant mixes, frankincense, myrrh, orris root, eucalyptus.
Derived from the French, meaning rotten plant, “rotten” seems to be a very inappropriate word for the beautiful smelling mixtures of dried petals and oils.
Making potpourri
The most popular is the dry method the fragrant flowers and petals are dried completely. This takes about two weeks with some of the thicker leaves and petals. Once they are dry the fragrant petals are mixed with fixatives, spices and oils, and placed in a jar to mature. The jar is sealed and shaken every day for about 8 weeks until it is ready for use.
Potpourris placed in small baskets and pretty bags tied with ribbons make a wonderful gift. You can scatter the leaves round the house put it in your linen closet, and in drawers between sheets and towels. The perfume lasts for months before it starts to fade.
Potpourri recipes
Lavender mix Woodland mix
2 cups lavender flowers 2cups fir cones
2cups rose petals 2 cups cedar twigs
2cups rosemary leaves 3 tablespoons of
1 cup of lemon leaves orris root powder
1 cup chamomile flowers 5 drops cedar wood oil
1cup dried lemon peel 5 drops of sander wood oil
7drops lavender oil Mix all together
Dry all ingredients and stir in oils drop by
thoroughly drop and seal in a
Stir in the lavender oil container for 2 months.
drop by drop and seal to mature…
in a jar for 2 months
to mature…
Rose Mix Seedy mix
10 cups rose petals 1 cup aniseed
1cup of geranium leaves 1 cup rose hips
½ cup rose hips ½ cup cardamom seeds
½ cup powdered orris root 1 cup juniper berries
2 tablespoon cloves 1 cup cedar cone seeds
2tablespoon allspice ½ cup allspice
6 drops lemon oil 1 cup of mixed orange and
Dry all ingredients lemon peel
thoroughly Dry all ingredients
Stir in the lemon oil horoughly
drop by drop 8 drops of patchouli oil
Seal in a container for Stir in the patchouli oil
2 months to mature drop by drop
Seal in a container for
2 months to mature…
A carefully selected bouquet of flowers can express our deepest feelings. Often flowers speak of love or sorrow I do not know of a more beautiful language.
Symbolic meanings have been attributed to flowers in the East and West since Roman days. The most perfect example in the Madonna lily is a symbol of purity and chastity to this day. Likewise the long stemmed Red rose represents love.
In the seventeenth century many ladies carried posies of sweet smelling flowers and herbs to ward of unpleasant smells. The posies had meanings, too, when you gave a posy to a friend or loved one it might be nice to add a small note letting them know the meaning of the posy.
In Elizabethan and the Victorian times many meanings were attributed to almost every flower in the garden. Many Books were written on this subject, each claiming to have the most flower entries and meanings.
Unfortunately the flower books disagreed on some of the meanings.
Obviously it made it hard to decipher the message of the bouquets!!
At the end of the nineteenth century, the fashion for using flowers as a language had died out; today few people know the meanings attached to many flowers. I believe it is time to reverse the trend and look again at the language of flowers. We would bring a little romance and excitement into our lives.
Names and meanings:
Alyssum; Worth beyond Angelica; Soaring thoughts
Beauty Aster; I partake your sentiments
Amaryllis; Splendid Bachelors buttons; Celibacy
Beauty Bears breeches; The fine arts
Apple; Temptation Bluebell; Constancy
Azalea; Temperance Yellow carnation; Disdain
Bay; Glory Cyclamen; Difference
Belladonna lily; Pride Columbine; Folly
Silence Clematis; Mental beauty
Borage; Courage Crocus; Youthful gladness
Red camellia; Unpretending, Convolvulus; Folly
Excellence Dahlia; Pomp
White camellia; Perfect Fennel; Flattery
Loveliness Fig; Idleness
Red carnation; Alas for Fuchsia; Taste
the poor heart Heather; Solitude
Striped carnation; Refusal Honesty; Honesty
Pink cherry tree; Good Hop; Injustice
Education Hyssop; Sacrifice
Christmas rose; Scandal Iris; Message
Red chrysanthemum; Jasmine; Amiability
I love you Larkspur; Infidelity
White chrysanthemum; Truth Lilac; First emotions of love
Yellow chrysanthemum; Lilac; First emotions of love
Slighted love Yellow lily; Falsehood
Daffodil; Regard Magnolia; Grief
Daisy; Innocence Mimosa; Secret love
Forget-me-not; True love Mock orange; Counterfeit
Foxglove; Insincerity Pansy; Thoughts
Lemon scented geranium; Phlox; Unanimity
Unexpected meeting Clove pinks; Resignation
Gillyflower; Bonds of Rhododendron; Dander
Affection Polyanthus; Pride of riches
Hollyhock; Ambition Scarlet poppy; Fantastic
Honeysuckle; Generous Primrose; Early youth
Affection White rose; I am
Hyacinth; Game sport worthy of you
Ice plant; your looks Yellow rose; Jealousy
Freeze me Red rose; love
Ivy; Fidelity Rosemary; Remembrance
Jonquil; I desire a return Raspberry; Remorse
of affection Rue; Grief
Lad’s love; Jest Red poppy; Consolation
Lavender; Distrust White poppy; Sleep
Regal lily Majesty; what Scabrous; Unfortunate
could be more regal? Red pinks; Pure love
White lily; Purity Striped pinks; Refusal
Lily-of –the-valley; Return Snapdragon; Presumption
of happiness Sunflower; Haughtiness
Love-in-a-mist; Perplexity Sweet pea; Departure
Michaelmas daisy; Thyme; Activity
Afterthought Red tulip; Declaration
Mint; Wisdom of love
Mulberry; I shall not Yellow tulip; Hopeless love
Survive you Myrtle; Love Tulip; Fame
Nasturtium; Patriotism Ware lily; Purity of heart
Parsley; Rejoice Yarrow; War
Pineapple; You are perfect Yarrow; War
Snapdragon; Presumption Tulip; Fame
Stock; lasting beauty Tuberose; Dangerous pleasures
Stock; lasting beauty Violet; Modesty
Sweet William; Gallantry Weeping willow; Mourning
Potpourri
Fragrant plant material such as rose petals, iris, geranium, ginger, lavender, mimosa flowers, to name a few.
The ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans all used plants in fragrant mixes, frankincense, myrrh, orris root, eucalyptus.
Derived from the French, meaning rotten plant, “rotten” seems to be a very inappropriate word for the beautiful smelling mixtures of dried petals and oils.
Making potpourri
The most popular is the dry method the fragrant flowers and petals are dried completely. This takes about two weeks with some of the thicker leaves and petals. Once they are dry the fragrant petals are mixed with fixatives, spices and oils, and placed in a jar to mature. The jar is sealed and shaken every day for about 8 weeks until it is ready for use.
Potpourris placed in small baskets and pretty bags tied with ribbons make a wonderful gift. You can scatter the leaves round the house put it in your linen closet, and in drawers between sheets and towels. The perfume lasts for months before it starts to fade.
Potpourri recipes
Lavender mix Woodland mix
2 cups lavender flowers 2cups fir cones
2cups rose petals 2 cups cedar twigs
2cups rosemary leaves 3 tablespoons of
1 cup of lemon leaves orris root powder
1 cup chamomile flowers 5 drops cedar wood oil
1cup dried lemon peel 5 drops of sander wood oil
7drops lavender oil Mix all together
Dry all ingredients and stir in oils drop by
thoroughly drop and seal in a
Stir in the lavender oil container for 2 months.
drop by drop and seal to mature…
in a jar for 2 months
to mature…
Rose Mix Seedy mix
10 cups rose petals 1 cup aniseed
1cup of geranium leaves 1 cup rose hips
½ cup rose hips ½ cup cardamom seeds
½ cup powdered orris root 1 cup juniper berries
2 tablespoon cloves 1 cup cedar cone seeds
2tablespoon allspice ½ cup allspice
6 drops lemon oil 1 cup of mixed orange and
Dry all ingredients lemon peel
thoroughly Dry all ingredients
Stir in the lemon oil horoughly
drop by drop 8 drops of patchouli oil
Seal in a container for Stir in the patchouli oil
2 months to mature drop by drop
Seal in a container for
2 months to mature…
BUSINESS FINANCING:
BUSINESS FINANCING: HOW TO FIND MONEYFOR BUSINESS VENTURES OF ALL SIZESIf you've been wanting to get into something that doesn't require all of your time, yet could give you an income of $100,000 per year or more, a Business Financing Service is definitely something you should consider. This is the kind of business that requires no special education or even a storefront office; won't take much of your time, yet offers more prestige, power and fast earning potential than just about any business opportunity available to the ordinary working person.The average net profit of people in this kind of business is $75,000 per year, before taxes. Most began on a part-time basis, operating out of their homes. Within a short period of time, varying with expenditure of time and effort, most have luxurious professional office suites with many clients from all over the country calling and asking for help. Perhaps best of all, this is a business you can operate with nothing more than a part-time secretary/bookkeeper, a telephone, and business cards.There are many facets of this kind of business, which involve bringing lenders and borrowers together for venture capital, operating capital, expansion capital, and of course, mortgages of all kinds. Concerning mortgages, look at it from this point of view: Almost every building in the country - homes, office buildings, factories, apartments - has a mortgage on it, and somebody is making some really big commissions bringing together the people wanting the money and the people wanting to lend the money.A business financing or money brokerage is the ideal sideline business for real estate brokers, sales persons involved in business sales, investment brokers, attorneys, accountants, and retirees from almost any occupation. This is definitely one of the truly recession-proof businesses that actually seems to flourish in times of tight money.YOUR POTENTIAL MARKETEach year, more than 10 million business loan applications are filed with the banks in the country. It is not uncommon for these banks to be working on more than 250,000 business loans each week, in amounts ranging from $25,000 to well over a million dollars. About 65 percent of the loan actually granted by the banks are short-term commercial loans; only about 25 percent are for longer terms, with fewer than ten percent granted for construction projects.It should then be obvious that the banks in this country are neither speedy nor generous in giving loans to the beginning or small business entrepreneur. Such business people usually ask for loans of longer duration than the banks are willing to grant. It is easy to see that in a beginning business, smaller installment payments will reduce pressure on the borrower, and allow him to put more of the profits back into the business. In most cases, these small business owners need much more than the banks are willing to allow without all kinds of guaranteed collateral. And that, of course, is the reason why people needing money for their business success turn to business financing consultants, which provides you the opportunity for success in this field.You'll find that beginning or small business persons are always on the lookout for professional business financing services. They always seem to need more money than they have available, and they never seem to get quite the help or satisfaction they seek from the banks. The pressing need for more capital is not something that plagues only the beginning or new business. It is an ongoing need in almost every growing business also. In fact, the need for a continuing input of new money is a necessary part of the growth cycle of every business. Generally, the "little guy" just doesn't have the extra cash from last year; he does not have the money it takes to set up a stock market program; and he doesn't have the time to devote to (or he doesn't want to attempt to "sell" his friends) an investment program in his business.Sometimes these small business people will talk with their accountants, lawyers or stockbrokers and ask them to help in finding people with money to invest. Most accountants, lawyers and stockbrokers are in touch with clients who have money they are willing to invest in growing businesses, or people with "sure-fire" money-making ideas.Whether these professional people do or do not have special clients with money to invest in special "deals" is of no consequence. The important thing is that these people are always being asked by someone if they know of a source of money, or if they know of someone who can locate an investor for them. With this in mind, and once you're set up in business, it will behoove you to contact these people - the accountants, lawyers, and stockbrokers in your area - to get to know as many of them as you can, and to leave your business card, so they will be aware of your services.THE SERVICES YOU'LL PROVIDEGenerally, the money broker or person operating a business financing service will work with his or her clients in putting the loan application package together in such a way that it will receive favorable consideration by the lender. You'll have the names, addresses and telephone numbers of lenders from all over the world, people and firms interested in investing in all kinds of different business ideas and for virtually any amount of money. When you have a complete loan application ready for presentation, you'll select the lenders or firms interested in that kind of business or investment. Either send or present the loan application package to them. One thing is most important: When you present a loan application package to a lender, be sure to have the date and time of your presentation certified by a notary public. When you send a loan application to a lender, be sure to certify the mailing of your package with the Post Office.Once you "open your doors" for business, there will be no shortage of people coming to you for their money needs. The problem will be selecting just the requests you know, logically, stand a reasonable chance of approval. Everybody wants and needs money; once you announce that you can get loans for people who need them, you will be overwhelmed with requests. It will be up to you to utilize your time, expertise, and effort according to the greatest profit potential.SETTING UP YOUR BUSINESSYou can start form the kitchen table in your home if necessary. You'll need a telephone and unless you have someone to act as a secretary, you should employ a telephone answering service. You can probably get by with a telephone answering machine, but because you are dealing with money, it is important that you project an image of success (and a telephone answering machine quickly identifies you as being a one-person operation.)In addition to a telephone, you will also need business cards. These, of course, should be of a fine quality (this is not a very large expenditure). They should simply state your name, followed by the name of your services - Business Financial Services. You may list your phone number in the upper left-hand corner, something such as "Money for Every Need" in the lower right-hand corner, and of course your name and firm name centered in the middle. Assuming you are working out of your home, once you have moved into an office, you would certainly want to make new cards showing your business address.It wouldn't hurt to have a calculator, a typewriter, and at least a small file cabinet as you set up your business. But just as people got along before without these amenities, you can make do until you can afford this equipment.Once you are organized in a work area and with the basics for operating your business, the next move will be to get the word out that you are ready to offer your services to people needing money, and for people who are willing to invest. This means advertising, visiting, making contact in some way with both the people needing money, and those wanting to realize a profit in the process of lending their money. And don't forget - often those who do not go with you for one reason or another may supply with you with fine referrals.The more you advertise and talk to people about your services, the more successful your business is going to be. So first of all, we suggest your run an ad in the classified section of your local newspapers. It might read like this:MONEY AVAILABLE! Business start-ups, expansion needs, construction loans, cash-flowproblems. Call 123-4567.You should run such an advertisement in as many of your area papers as you can afford, every day, for at least a month. This means that you'll have an advertising budget, with the money either coming in (or available) to meet these costs before you even contract to run your first ad. (This is part of the necessary planning that has to be done before you actually open for business.)At the same time you are running the ad inviting people to come to you for their money needs, you should also be running a daily ad such as this one:$350,000 NEEDED! Will pay maximum interest.Growing business, excellent profits and tax benefits. Call 123-4567.Now the purpose of the first ad is to build your list of people wanting money - needing loans that you can process. The purpose of the second ad is to build your list of investors in your area with money to put into some of these business proposals you get from the first ad. Obviously, you'll get more people wanting to borrow money that people with money to invest; but once you begin running these two advertisements, you'll be on your way.When you place your first ads, start checking and following up on similar ads you see running in your area newspapers. Usually, they will be listed under "Financial & Loans Wanted," or "Money to Loan." However, don't neglect to check the "Business Opportunities Wanted" classification as well.When someone calls in response to your "Money Available" advertisement, whoever is acting as your secretary should get the name of the caller, the name of the business, the telephone number, amount of money needed, kind of business, and most appropriate time for a consultation. This can be handled most efficiently with preprinted telephone message pads. So you simply collect information from all these incoming calls, look it all over and start making your call-backs.Basically, your call-back conversation should sound something like this: "Hello, John Jones? This is Mr. Money Broker returning your call about money for business financing. I understand that you're looking for about $100,000 in order to set up an auto tune-up shop. You stated that you are already pretty well organized with a business plan and location, and that you feel you have pretty good collateral. That's very good. Before we talk any further, however, I'd like to tell you a little about our company."We represent a number of large lending organizations for business financing, as well as a number of private investors who are looking for new ideas and businesses to invest in. Their primary requirement, of course, is that they be assured of getting their money back, but further that they will make money from such an investment."What I do is work with you in preparing your loan or investment package so that it will be attractive when it is presented to prospective lenders. It is very important that your proposal be complete and in the proper order. It is also of the greatest importance that it "look good," and "sell" the people it is taken to. The prospective lender must feel confident in granting you a loan or investing in your business. Once we�ve got your presentation together, I then take it to some of my lending or investment sources and work toward obtaining you the money you need."As I'm sure you're already aware, it's most important that your proposal be prepared properly, and presented to the people who are in a position to give you the money you're asking for. I work with you to see that your proposal is the best my people have ever seen, and then I take it to the people who have the money and are looking for a good investment. For this, I require a $100 broker's retainer fee. I then go to work on your specific money needs. What we need to do now is set up a time and date for me to meet with you so that I may review your proposal. Would tomorrow morning at 10:00 be all right with you, or would 11:00 be better?"The important thing is to be in control of this telephone conversation; to tell the prospect only what you want him to think about; and to sell him on the idea of getting on with it by paying the broker's retainer fee of $100.. Only after you have collected that, of course, will you start to work on evaluating his plan and getting him the money he needs.(Feel free to use the following form as a pattern for your own agreement, or you may even want to cut it out, paste it up, and have your printer run off supply for you. If you do cut out and use the form, you will of course place your business name, address and telephone number in the space "Your Name and Address" at the top. Also, be sure to block out the instructions on the signature lines.)YOUR NAME AND ADDRESSAGREEMENT FOR FINANCIAL SERVICEThe undersigned, (Borrower's Name) , hereby appoints (Your Name) as his Agent, and authorizes him to submit to lenders financial data and information supplied by the borrower for the purpose of the lender making a loan or investment direct to the undersigned. The undersigned agrees to pay to (Your Name) a fee of _______% of the amount of the loan or investment obtained. The undersigned hereby pays to (Your Name) $__________ as a non-returnable fee for time involved in appraising feasibility of the loan requested. This fee is separate from any other fees due if loan is obtained.____________________ ________________________________Date BorrowerOnce you are organized and rolling, you'll find that most of your day-to-day income will be derived from the packaging of loan applications. Once your client has signed the broker's agreement and given you his check for the retainer fee, you'll be helping him to get his loan or investment proposal together. This is the first thing to do, and you HAVE to do this regardless of any forms your client has already filled our, or anything he may have done relative to a loan proposal.First give your client a detailed list of information he'll need to have within his loan or investment package. Because requirements do change from time to time, you will want to give your client the most up-to-date requirements in this regard. Go to several of the banks in your area and ask their loan officers for a copy of their loan application forms. Use these forms as your guide in making up the detailed list of requirements you will use in working with your client. If you need additional assistance, write one of the several organizations listed at the end of this report.When you have the package put together and ready for presentation to a lender, take it back to your client and brief him on how to present it to prospective lenders, and generally you would give him the names and addresses of the people you feel will be most likely to listen to his presentation. He makes the presentation to the local prospects, and contacts your other possible sources by mail. If he needs further help from you, you would charge him a per-hour counseling fee, plus consulting charge for any special or extra time spent working with him.Overall, you should position yourself and your service to the client in order to collect a "finder's fee" of 1/2% of the amount of money actually loaned to or invested in his business. A flat fee of $100 to $250 as a broker's retainer fee for helping him with his load presentation when he does most of the work - an outright fee of 1% for the total preparation of his presentation package - and a consultant's fee of $50 to $100 per hour for any additional time expended on the project. These are your "bread & butter" services that will establish you as a professional, and keep you in business until you score with a big commission from perhaps a million dollar loan. You have to involve yourself in this service, because they'll make the difference between your going broke or really succeeding in the money brokering industry.Indeed, you'll become more efficient with each experience with a client. You'll soon recognize which proposals to concentrate your attention on, and of course, which ones to scan briefly and hand back to a loan seeker. The more you deal with money professionals, too, the sharper you'll become - and consequently, the more money you will make. Money professionals know what types of loans are possible or likely from each of their different funding sources; thus, they'll present only those having the best chances of success. You will quickly acquainted with the lending rates and requirements of your loan sources. As you review, assist and put together each of the request-for-money proposals, your knowledge will improve your ability to package specific requests, and to "sell" a loan proposal. Just keep in mind that every time a loan is approved, or when one of your sources decides to invest in a client's business, you'll be taking a financial cut right off the top.Right here I'd like to assure that you don't have to be either a financial genius or a super sales person. All you really have to know is how to put together a proposal properly, and acquire a list of sources interested in lending money or investing in a venture to obtain a profit.You'll find that most of the borrowers you sign to assist in finding money for are unaware that they will have very little if anything to say about the terms of the loan that may be finally granted. You'll find that most of them are already convinced that they have the ultimate idea for a business that will make everyone involved rich. Almost all of them are trying to get started with little or no money of their own, and they'll think that whatever the prevailing interest rate, it's too much.Your first chore will be to screen these people. Explain the facts of life to them, and don't waste your time with them if you have the feeling they'll reject or refuse to accept a loan you line up for them because of interest rates. If they've been to most of the regular loan sources in your areas, they'll know that when they want or need money, it's the lender who dictates the terms of the loan. A prospective borrower soon learns the prime rate that is published is almost never used. Actually, the prevailing prime rate plus two percent is generally a good rate of interest for most small businesses. In most cases, such loans have to be well secured with collateral not associated with the business.Most of your would-be borrowers will not qualify for the prime plus two percent rate. Business experience, coupled with the type of business involved, will almost always put them in the "high risk" loan category. After you have your retainer fee, you have to educate your would-be borrowers in this regard. For those who cannot face the facts of life about interest rates, you have to just forget.Something else you'll have to convince your clients of: If he says he'll give up a share of his business in exchange for the use of your investor's money. He'll have to give up a very large share. Most small business investment corporations or private investors will want at least 25 percent, and more often than not, up to 49 percent. In some cases, where a half million dollars or more is provided by the investor, he may (reasonably) ask for as much as 70 to 80 percent. Thus it's absolutely essential that you learn to quality your would-be borrower before you get too deeply involved or waste too much of your time.For those who can't or don't want to pay your retainer fee - I say skip them. And those who can't or don't want to pay the high risk interest rates when you let them in on the real facts of life - forget them too. And those that have been turned down by practically every lending institution in the country, I would advise you - let some beginner gain practice on them. And these are the ones you need too learn to spot while you are a beginner.You should determine exactly how much cash and other assets your client can or is willing to put into his proposed business. You'll have to be satisfied with the character of your client as a borrower; his record of paying his bills, how he gets along with people, and his overall chances of success. You'll have to do the checking of his references and credit record. You'll have to judge how he'll make good on the loan if the business goes sour. When these questions are answered to your satisfaction, you can go on with helping him put together a proper loan proposal and work toward getting him the money he wants.Most successful money broker money brokers charge according to the size and type of loan being requested. This is based on the amount of work they have to put in to place the loan. If it looks like a pretty solid business with a good record on the part of the borrower, and good collateral, the fees are usually lower. On the other hand, if it's a high risk proposal or if the borrower has very little business experience and you are going to end up doing a lot of selling to get the loan approved, your fee should be accordingly higher.Remember that not all loans are approved, even though they might have looked good to you in the beginning. With this in mind, you have to charge for your services and make up for the time you spend with those proposals that don't get approved by charging and collecting on those that do get approved. An example of the typical commission charges is shown below.Loan Amount Your Fee Commission$5,000,000+ 1/2% $25,000$2,000,000 1% $20,000$1,000,000 1.5% $15,000$500,000 2% $10,000$100,000 3% $3,000$50,000 4% $2,000$30,000 5% to 10% $1,500 to $3,000Under $30,000 10% $750 minimumAs we stated earlier, you can start this kind of business from the comfort of your own home or apartment, and do very well. However, just as soon as you can possible afford to, it would be to your benefit to set up an office with access to the general public. Your success and gross income will definitely benefit with an office.You should set up your operation in a prestigious location within or fairly close to the business and financial district in your are. Basically, this will be for impressing your clients, but at the same time, by locating in or near your local loan sources, you will quickly come to know the important people on a first name basis. Perhaps the best idea would be to sublet space in a suite of offices used by an insurance company, accounting firm, or a group of lawyers. An arrangement can often be made for their receptionist to answer your phone calls and receive your clients. With a little bit of finesse, you might even be able to have one of their secretaries handle your typing and filing.Your office should be neat and functional, but still impressive. A large desk, comfortable chair and a credenza; perhaps a four-drawer file cabinet also. The image you project is of great importance, and being associated with a big name firm, even if only on the basis of sharing their suite of offices, will definitely be to your advantage in gaining ultimate success.You should try to cover the walls of your office with certificates of awards, extra curricular courses completed, association memberships and seminar courses completed over the years. Documents of affiliation with civic groups or even reproductions of national write-ups should be framed and displayed on your office walls.Don't forget: when planning and furnishing your office, you should also include at least one, and preferable two, visitor's chairs. A small sofa would be desirable, but really isn't necessary until you are really firmly established. The thing is, you want to project the impression of affluence and professionalism to anyone coming into your office.The ideal situation is to have a two-person team - someone to be on the outside doing the selling, and someone on the inside handling all the processing. If you have the marketing skills, and enjoy selling, you might look for a sharp and impressive appearing person to handle the processing for you. Or if you have got the processing know-how, you might keep your eyes open for a professional appearing person who could be your "outside arm" and do most of the selling for you. Basically, and excepting for the actual preparation and selling of the loan packages, most of the inside work can be handled by clerical personnel.As you know however, you will find it in your best interest to have a full-time secretary. You would train her to field incoming telephone calls, take care of filing, and do our personal typing for you. A typical loan proposal usually requires about eight hours of typing.Regardless of how you get started, and even after you have moved into a suite of plush offices, you will have to advertise to keep new business coming in. Besides running regular advertising in your local newspapers, you should also advertise in the local financial publications as often as you can afford it. Once you get your business rolling, you should expand your advertising coverage to include such national publications as the Wall Street Journal and the business opportunity publications.Regarding the type of advertisement to run in these publications, we recommend that you look at money brokerage ads in these publications. Clip out some of those you especially like and have your local typesetter make one up for you, using those you have clipped as patterns.In addition to your local newspapers, business publications and nationally distributed papers, newsletters and magazines, it will be to your advantage to run an advertisement in the yellow pages of your telephone book and in area business directories.Besides "regular" advertising, you should be sending out direct mail letters, letting people know that you can help them with their money problems. Some money brokers have a combination letter-display and made up and printed on the back of postcards. This is quite a bit less expensive than sending out letters, and could possibly downgrade your image somewhat, but on the other hand, those money brokers using postcards say they are very effective because the recipients are more likely to save a postcard than a letter. A general description of the way the direct mail system works is: You mail out your letters or postcards to the real estate brokers and small businesses in your area. Then a couple of days later, you follow up with a phone call to these people. You identify yourself, ask if the card or letter had been received, and then ask how things are going - if perhaps you can be of any help to them. Finally, you ask them to keep you in mind, and be sure to let you know if something comes up that you can handle.About one-third of the people you talk to will say that they don't immediately need money, but they know of individuals or business looking for help. When you do get a referral, be sure to elicit as much information as possible, then make a contact with them.When you have put a loan or an investment proposal together, and you intend to sell it to a lender, you should first call the lending officer or the head of that lending organization. If you want to present your package to a private investor, you will more than likely have to call his attorney, broker or investment counselor.The purpose of your telephone call is to set up an appointment in order to present your package in person. Thus, during the course of this telephone call, you should brief the lender on the highlights of your client's loan proposal. If he is interested, he will probably want you to send him a written summary. After he has received the summary and decided he is interested, he will get back to you and set up an interview with you, and then with you and your client.You and the borrower should rehearse the entire loan proposal and have all examples, charts and graphic illustrations ready to go for a winning presentation.. Any lender willing to listen at all wants to hear the full story, and when they have a question, they want the answer without hesitation. So be sure you are ready when you show up for that loan-selling interview - with a complete presentation.Once you start processing loan applications, you will find that about 80 percent of the loans granted to small businesses are made by commercial banks. A few more than ten percent are made by friends or relatives or the borrower, and about three percent by finance companies. Another three percent will be granted by insurance companies.. This will give you an idea of possible money sources for your clients.You must remember, when a prospective borrower tells you how much money he needs, and what he wants to use it for, it is your job to evaluate his proposal and match his particular proposal with sources likely to be interested. As you build your list of money sources, you will find those that specialize in specific categories of loans - for apartment buildings, medical facilities, recreation setups, and a myriad of others.Most money brokers cultivate the savings and loan companies, union pension funds, life insurance trust companies, credit unions, private investor groups, and even the small loan companies. The important thing to remember is that if you are going to bring together people needing money and people with money to lend, you have to continually develop contacts in order to build your list of money sources. It is very helpful to get to know your local bank officials because sometimes they can refer you to a person you can really serve, because he doesn't qualify for a bank loan.You will also learn that most sources of venture capital - money for business start-ups - want an equity share of the business. They generally don't require that the money they put up be repaid, because they are hoping to make their profit from a share of the business as it grows and becomes more and more profitable. They especially like to get in on the "ground floor" of small companies who plan to issue public shares of stock when they begin to grow.Still another angle that money brokers should develop is contact with a number of people who might be interested in investing as silent partners in new or growing business ventures. Silent partners invest in a business without assuming any liability relative to debts the business may incur, while still sharing in the total profits of the business. In most areas of the country, there are always a number of wealthy people around who are interested in investing small amounts of money in any number of business ventures - sometimes as many as they can get in on.Until you have actually placed a few loans, you are undoubtedly going to occasionally spend a lot of time attempting to sell a loan that just can't be sold. You will have to develop your skill in evaluating from the facts your borrower gives you, the possibility of obtaining a loan, how long, the terms (time period and interest rate), his past business experience, and the feasibility of his plan for success in the planned business. While it does take some time and concentration to differentiate the "winners" from the "losers". Be aware from the beginning, and you will be less likely to be caught up in efforts to place a loan that just can't be placed.Of primary importance to your lenders is your client's collateral, which would assure repayment of the loan in the event of failure of the business. Lenders won't even listen to, or bother to look at a proposal that is not backed up with realistic collateral to support the loan. And you may count on this: They will call you on any profit projections based only of your borrower's glowing predictions. These are the things you as a money broker must evaluate before getting too deeply involved. If the loan doesn't have the look of at least an even chance of being approved, better to give it to your client straight. It will save him grief in the long run, and will allow you to go on to another proposal with better chances of success.When you go into the matter of collateral with a client, by all means be thorough and inquisitive in working with him. Many borrowers have collateral they have never thought of in terms of security. For instance, antiques, coin or stamp collections, life insurance policies, even a wealthy friend or so who would sign a guarantor(s) of a loan. Remember, also any accounts receivable, promissory notes, machinery and equipment, and any real estate equity.When you've listed all the collateral that can be dug up, you have to demonstrate very clearly just how the loan is going to be repaid - and particularly if the business fails. Collateral is a necessary part of any loan transactions, but is usually is not enough to satisfy the entire face value of the loan. Thus, in addition to collateral, the borrower has to have a clear and provable plan for repaying the money he borrows.So long as you work through the commercial banks, you shouldn't need any kind of brokers license. But to be sure, you will want to check with your local licensing authorities. In the end, you will probably want to get a real estate broker's license, because in many cases, real estate will figure into the loan in one way or another. However, you can get started without one. If you run into an immediate need for a real estate broker's license, you can always make an arrangement with someone who has one and let him be the "licensee of record."Finally - and possibly the Number One requisite for success in your Business Financing Service venture is this: You are going to need, and really must have, enough money available or coming in from some outside source(s), to sustain your daily living for at least the first three months before you open for business.It will probably take you two to three weeks to put together each of your first loan proposals. You're working (investing your time) but the money won't be coming in until you finish the job. But even when everything is ready and you begin trying to place a loan, it could take you anywhere from three weeks to three months to get the final approval.So the best way to get started as a money broker is, as we discussed earlier in this report, to start on a part-time basis while you are still holding down a regular job. Remember, you can work out of your home; do some careful planning and become efficient with your time; concentrate on getting those "retainer fees" and proceed with packaging the loan proposals.There is no effortless way to start this or any other business. You have to start small, do all or most of the work yourself, and in addition to investing your time, you'll have to "prime the pump" with money of your own. However, it can be done, and most assuredly this particular kind of business can take you from pauper to wealth in a short time.Businesses in every city and town in this country would like to have more money than they currently have available. You can become rich beyond your wildest dreams by helping them. You identify those with money needs and bring them together with the people or organizations with money to invest.All it takes is the know-how we've passed along within this business start-up manual, and ACTION on your part - it's up to you!REFERENCE ASSOCIATIONS:American Finance AssociationGraduate School of Business AdministrationNew York University100 Trinity PlaceNew York, NY 10006American Institute of Financial Brokers21 N. LaSalle StreetChicago, IL 60601American Institute of Professional ConsultantsAmerican Professional Center201 S. Lake St., Suite 500Pasadena, CA 91109
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